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- Apple II
- Technical Notes
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- Developer Technical Support
-
-
- Apple II Miscellaneous
- #9: AppleSoft Real Variable Storage
-
- Revised by: Pete McDonald November 1988
- Written by: Cameron Birse December 1986
-
- This Technical Note discusses real variable storage in AppleSoft BASIC.
- _____________________________________________________________________________
-
- In AppleSoft BASIC, real variables (non-array) are stored sequentially
- starting at the address pointed to by locations $69 and $6A. The first two
- bytes are the name of the variable, the third is the exponent, and the fourth
- through seventh are the mantissa.
-
- Exponent The top bit of this byte is the sign of the exponent. This sign
- bit is the opposite of normal sign bits, since zero is negative
- and one is positive. The remainder of the byte minus one is the
- value of the exponent (i.e., 84 is a positive exponent of 3).
-
- Mantissa The mantissa is a binary fraction with the first bit being the
- sign bit (normal this time with zero being positive and one
- negative), and the remaining bits are fractional values starting
- with .5, .25, .125, etc.
-
- The equation which follows is: 2^(Exponent-1) * 1.Mantissa
-
- Examples
-
- A = 3 (real variable equal to 3)
-
- The seven bytes look like: 41 00 Variable name = A
- 82 Exponent = 1
- 40 00 00 00 Mantissa = .5
-
- which works out as: 2^1 * 1.5 = 3
-
-
- B = 5 (real variable equal to 5)
-
- The seven bytes look like: 42 00 Variable name = B
- 83 Exponent = 2
- 20 00 00 00 Mantissa = .25
-
- which works out as: 2^2 * 1.25 = 5
-
-
- Further Reference
- o AppleSoft BASIC Programmer's Reference Manual
-
-